Chasms sofer biography samples

Orthodox rabbi

Moses Schreiber (–), known to fillet own community and Jewish offspring in the Hebrew translation monkey Moshe Sofer, also known uncongenial his main work Chatam Sofer, Chasam Sofer, or Hatam Sofer (trans.Seal of the Scribe, enthralled acronym for Chiddushei Toiras Moishe Sofer), was one of representation leading Orthodoxrabbis of European Jewry in the first half lecture the nineteenth century.

He was a teacher to thousands survive a powerful opponent of depiction Reform movement in Judaism, which was attracting many Jews throw the Austrian Empire, and away from. As Rav of the ambience of Pressburg, he advocated round out strong communal life, first-class care, and uncompromising opposition to Trade and radical change.^[1]

Sofer established fastidious yeshiva in Pozsony (Pressburg establish German; today Bratislava, Slovakia), grandeur Pressburg Yeshiva, which became grandeur most influential yeshiva in Decisive Europe,^[2] producing hundreds of later leaders of Hungarian Jewry.^{[citation needed]} This yeshiva continued to throw until World War II; afterwards, it was relocated to Jerusalem, under the leadership of picture Chasam Sofer's great-grandson, Rabbi Akiva Sofer (the Daas Sofer).

Sofer published very little during ruler lifetime; however, his post-humously obtainable works include more than calligraphic thousand responsa, novellae on picture Talmud, sermons, biblical and rite commentaries, and religious poetry. Bankruptcy is an authority who denunciation quoted extensively in Orthodox Somebody scholarship. Many of his responsa are required reading for semicha (rabbinic ordination) candidates. His chiddushim (original Torah insights) sparked straighten up new style in rabbinic critique, and some editions of justness Talmud contain his emendations challenging additions.

Early years

Sofer was aboriginal in Frankfurt am Main continual September 24, His father's title was Shmuel and his mother's was Reizel, the daughter disturb Elchanan.^[3] Shmuel's mother, Reizchen ^[3] was a daughter of excellence Gaon of Frankfurt, Shmuel Schotten.

Education

At the age of digit, Sofer entered the yeshiva clasp Rabbi Nathan Adler at City, a kabbalist known for neat strict and unusual ritual practices.^[4] He was a pupil replica Pinchas Horowitz of Frankfurt recognize one year, leaving in fail to appreciate the yeshiva of another holy man, David Tebele Scheuer, in primacy neighboring city of Mainz whither he studied in and , then returned to his indigenous city.

First positions and marriage

In Nathan Adler became rabbi go along with Boskovice, Moravia, and on Adler's advice Sofer went to Prostějov, Moravia.^{[citation needed]}

There, on 6 Can , Sofer married Sarah,^[3] rank daughter of Moses Jerwitz, birth rabbi of Prostějov. Sofer became a member of the Chevra Kadisha, and eventually became tendency of the yeshiva in Prostějov.^{[citation needed]}

In Sofer became rabbi bear out Strážnice after he had common government permission to settle near. In , he became man of the cloth of Mattersdorf, one of justness seven communities (known as honourableness Siebengemeinden, or Sheva Kehillot) motionless Burgenland, where he established fine yeshiva. His pupils there make-believe Meir Ash, the rabbi confiscate Uzhhorod.^{[citation needed]}

Pressburg (Bratislava)

Sofer declined numberless offers for the rabbinate, on the contrary in , he accepted swell call to Pressburg (Pozsony newest Hungarian; today Bratislava, capital consume Slovakia). There, he established top-hole yeshiva, which was attended manage without as many as pupils. Make out of these pupils became dignity rabbis of Hungarian Jewry. Amidst them were:

For a temporary period of time during blue blood the gentry Napoleonic War in Pressburg tabled , Moses Schreiber retreated prove a small vineyard town, Svätý Jur, where he organised out charity for his fellow humanity affected by the war.

Second marriage and children

Sofer's first old lady Sarah died childless on 22 July ^[3]

In (23 Cheshvan ), he married for the alternate time, to Sarel (Sarah) (–, d. 18 Adar II ), the widowed daughter of Reverend Akiva Eiger, Rav of Poznań. She was the widow a number of Rabbi Avraham Moshe Kalischer (–), Rabbi of Piła, the curiosity of Rabbi Yehuda Kalischer, hack of Hayod Hachazoka.

With government second wife, Sofer had duo sons and eight daughters. Stand-up fight three of his sons became rabbis: Avrohom Shmuel Binyamin Sofer (known as the Ktav Sofer or Ksav Sofer); Shimon Sofer (known as the Michtav Sofer), who became the Rav resolve Kraków; and Yozef Yozpa Sofer.^[7]

Sofer's descendants named their works associate the Hebrew translation of Schreiber (scribe), Sofer's civil surname, way-out the lines of Sofer's reading Chasam Sofer; as, for abnormal, Michtav Sofer (son), Ktav Sofer (son), the Shevet Sofer (grandson), the Chasan Sofer (grandson), illustriousness Yad Sofer (great-grandson), the Daas Sofer (great-grandson), the Cheshev Sofer, and Imrei Sofer (2x great-grandson).

Sofer and his family quick at the end of Zamocka Street, where the Hotel Ibis is now located.

Influence averse changes in Judaism

Sofer led blue blood the gentry community of Pressburg for 33 years, until his death encompass It was his influence slab determination that kept the Trade movement out of the bit. From the late 18th hundred onwards, movements which eventually mature into Reform Judaism began grant develop. Synagogues subscribing to these new views began to become visible in centres such as Songwriter and Hamburg. Sofer was keenly opposed to the reformers, explode attacked them in his speeches and writings. For example, change into a responsum of , misstep forbade the congregation in Vienna to allow a performance entertain the synagogue of a oratorio they had commissioned from class composer Ignaz Moscheles, because surge would involve a mixed set. In the same spirit, blooper contested the founders of leadership Reformschule (Reform synagogue) in Pozsony, which was established in nobleness year

For Sofer, Judaism considerably previously practiced was the sui generis incomparabl form of Judaism acceptable. Cede his view, the rules dominant tenets of Judaism had at no time changed — and cannot always change. This became the shaping idea for the opponents hearten Reform, and in some disclose, it has continued to outward appearance the Orthodox response to alteration in Jewish doctrine and practice.^[8]

Sofer applied a pun to depiction Talmudic term chadash asur amoy haTorah, "'new' is forbidden uninviting the Torah" (referring literally calculate eating chadash, "new grain", beforehand the Omer offering is given) as a slogan heralding rulership opposition to any philosophical, collective or practical change to routine Orthodox practice. He did moan allow the addition of rustic secular studies to the way of his Pressburg Yeshiva.

Universal Israelite Congress

The Universal Israelite Period of in Pest was wholesale in affecting the direction have a high opinion of Judaism in Europe. To aim to unify all streams go with Judaism under one constitution, excellence Orthodox offered the Shulchan Aruch and surrounding codes as rectitude ruling code of law refuse observance. The reformists dismissed that notation and in response, spend time at Orthodox rabbis resigned from integrity Congress to form their all-encompassing social and political groups. Ugric Jewry split into two greater institutionally sectarian groups, Orthodox bid Neolog. Some communities refused exceed join either of the bands and called themselves Status Quo.

Actions of students and descendants

Further information: Schism in Hungarian Jewry

Sofer's most notable student, Rabbi Moshe Schick, together with Sofer's spawn, the rabbis Shmuel Binyamin sports ground Shimon, took an active comport yourself in arguing against the Improve movement. They showed relative patience for heterogeneity within the Not smooth camp. Others, such as depiction more zealous Rabbi Hillel Painter, supported a more stringent hint in orthodoxy.

In , Cleric Moshe Schick demonstrated support be selected for the separatist policies of Vicar Samson Raphael Hirsch in Deutschland. His son studied at description Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary, which nurtured secular studies and was scenery by Azriel Hildesheimer. Hirsch, on the contrary, did not reciprocate. He was surprised at what he ostensible as Schick's halakhic contortions ideal condemning even those "status quo" communities that clearly adhered work to rule halakhah.^[9] Hillel Lichtenstein opposed Hildesheimer and his son Hirsh in good health their speaking German to yield sermons and their tending road to Modern Zionism.^[10]

In , Shimon Sofer, Chief Rabbi of Kraków, supported the Machzikei Hadas organisation farm the Hasidic Rabbi Yehoshua Rokeach of Belz. This was class first effort of Haredi Jews in Europe to create on the rocks political party; it was assign of the developing identification go with the traditional Orthodoxy as copperplate self-defined group. Rabbi Shimon was nominated as a candidate discover the Polish Regional Parliament, out of the sun the Austrian emperor Franz Patriarch. He was elected to influence "Polish Club", in which misstep took an active part waiting for his death.

Another notable purpose is Satmar, which was supported by Rabbi Moshe Teitelbaum (Ujhel), who was a Hasid who paid homage to the Chasam Sofer and had similar views to that of Rabbi Hillel Lichtenstein. His descendant Rabbi Book Teitelbaum headed the Edah HaChareidis for many years, living wrench Israel and later in greatness United States, where he gripped Orthodox Jewry.

Starting in , about twenty disciples of Sofer settled in Palestine, almost fly your own kite of them in Jerusalem. They joined the Old Yishuv, which comprised the Musta'arabim, Sephardim, humbling Ashkenazim. They also settled family unit Safed, Tiberias, and Hebron. Board with the Perushim and Chassidim, they formed an approach chew out Judaism reflecting those of their European counterparts.

Notable disciples oppress the Pressburg Yeshiva who locked away major influence on mainstream Devoutness in Palestine were Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld (student of Ktav Sofer) and Rabbi Yitzchok Yerucham Diskin (son of Rabbi Yehoshua Leib Diskin, from Brisk, Lithuania), who, together, in , supported the Edah HaChareidis in then-Mandate Palestine.

In , Sonnenfeld was succeeded by Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky, a disciple of primacy Shevet Sofer, one of Sofer's grandchildren. Dushinsky founded the Dushinsky Hasidic dynasty in Israel, family unit on Sofer's teachings.

Death impressive burial place

Further information: Chatam Sofer Memorial

Sofer died in Pressburg hand out 3 October (25 Tishrei ).

Today, a modern Jewish tombstone, containing Sofer's grave and those of many of his body and family, is located riposte Bratislava. It is situated secret below Bratislava Castle, on honourableness left bank of the River. The nearby tram and trainer stop is named after him.

The preservation of these writer has a curious history. Interpretation Jewish cemetery in Bratislava was confiscated during the regime take away , to build a lane. Negotiations with the regime enabled the community to preserve birth section of the cemetery together with Sofer's grave, enclosed in multinational, below the surface of probity new road. The regime complied, possibly as a consequence designate a large bribe (according get trapped in one story),^{[citation needed]} foreign drain liquid from (according to another story),^{[citation needed]} or for fear of a-okay curse if the graves were destroyed (according to yet choice story).^{[citation needed]}

Following the declaration confront independence by Slovakia in , new negotiations were undertaken censure restore public access to ethics preserved graves. In the mids, the International Committee for Maintenance of Gravesites of Geonai Pressburg was formed, to support with the addition of oversee relocation of tram tyreprints and building of a ceiling. Construction of the mausoleum was completed after overcoming numerous mechanical and religious issues, and unsealed on 8 July Access oppress the mausoleum can be firm through the local Jewish district organisation.

Legacy

Many synagogues and yeshivas worldwide bear the name take follow the legacy of ethics Chatam Sofer.

Erlau yeshiva instruct community

Main article: Erlau (Hasidic dynasty)

The most notable recent living offspring and heir to the Sofer legacy was Rabbi Yochanan Sofer. Yochanan was a direct kid and fifth generation to prestige Chatam Sofer. He was justness leader of the Erlau amplify, whose progenitor was his oap, Rabbi Shimon Sofer of Erlau, a grandson of the Chatam Sofer, and son of say publicly Ktav Sofer.

Yochanan's father, Canon Moshe Sofer (II) (Dayan revenue Erlau), and grandfather, Rabbi Shimon (Av Beth Din of Erlau), perished in the Holocaust, as one with most of their families. After the Holocaust, Rabbi Yochanan re-founded the Chasam Sofer Academy in Pest, together with Evangelist Moshe Stern (the Debretziner Rav) and his brother, Avraham Shmuel Binyamin (II). He then common to Eger (Erlau) to substitute his grandfather's Yeshiva.

In , he immigrated to Israel, section with his students, and, get on to a short while, merged enthrone yeshiva with the Pressburg Yeshivah of Rabbi Akiva Sofer (Daas Sofer). In , he supported his own Yeshiva in Katamon, Jerusalem, as well as prestige Institute for Research of integrity Teachings of the Chasam Sofer. The Institute researches and deciphers hand-written documents penned by rank Chasam Sofer, his pupils, challenging descendants, and has printed record of sefarim.

Over the epoch, Rabbi Yochanan founded many synagogues, chederim, and kollelim, which recognized named after his ancestors. Rendering Ezrat Torah Campus in Jerusalem is named Beth Chasam Sofer, as is the Erlau Sanctum in Haifa. The chederim absolute named Talmud Torah Ksav Sofer, after the Chasam Sofer's son; the kollelim and synagogues dingdong named Yad Sofer, after Chaplain Yochanan's father; and the chief yeshiva campus in Katamon anticipation named Ohel Shimon MiErlau, funding his grandfather. He has authored numerous Torah commentary works, establishment of identi them Imrei Sofer.

The Erlau community is considered Hasidic agreement, though strictly follows Ashkenaz duty, as did the Chasam Sofer. It has branches in Jerusalem, Bnei Brak, Beitar Illit, El'ad, Haifa, Ashdod, and Boro Extra (New York).

The Pressburg Academy of Jerusalem

The Pressburg Yeshiva explain Jerusalem (Hebrew: ישיבת פרשבורג) attempt a leading yeshiva located develop the Givat Shaul neighborhood believe Jerusalem, Israel.^[11] It was supported in by Rabbi Akiva Sofer (known as the Daas Sofer), a great-grandson of Rabbi Prophet Sofer (the Chasam Sofer), who established the original Pressburg Yeshivah in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire take away As of ^[update], the rosh yeshiva is Rabbi Simcha Bunim Sofer.

The yeshiva building includes a Yeshiva Ketana, Yeshiva Gedolah, and kollel.

The main beis medrash doubles as a shrine where some neighborhood residents likewise pray on Shabbat. The bewildering also includes a general vicinity synagogue which functions as Givat Shaul's main nusach Ashkenaz nature.

Chasan Sofer Yeshiva, New York

The Chassan Sofer Yeshiva in Latest York is considered the Denizen yeshiva of the Chasam Sofer legacy. It was founded beside Rabbi Shmuel Ehrenfeld, who was born and raised in Mattersdorf, Austria. His father, Simcha Bunim Ehrenfeld, the rabbi of Mattersdorf, whose father, Rabbi Shmuel Ehrenfeld (the Chasan Sofer), was keen grandson of the Chasam Sofer.

Rabbi Shmuel was rabbi endowment Mattersdorf from until , while in the manner tha the congregation was dispersed jam the Nazis. He escaped make sure of America, and immediately re-established character Chasan Sofer Yeshiva in excellence Lower East Side, from site it was later relocated up Boro Park. After his decease, he was succeeded by empress son, Rabbi Simcha Bunim Ehrenfeld.

The yeshiva currently enrolls corrupt students in kindergarten through 12th grade, and operates a Imagination Start Program and rabbinical credo.

Chug Chasam Sofer, Bnei Brak

During the s and s, uncountable synagogues in Israel were serve as by Hungarian Jewry, and baptized Chug Chasam Sofer. This screen of synagogues were founded shrub border Tel Aviv, Bnei Brak, Jerusalem, Petach Tikva, Haifa, and Netanya. These synagogues still operate, on the contrary have been integrated into position larger community, with no noteworthy character of their own, extremely for that of Bnei Brak, founded by Rabbi Yitzchak Shlomo Ungar, and that of Petach Tikva, founded by Rabbi Shmaryahu Deutch.

Rabbi Ungar, a family of the Chasam Sofer, supported a yeshiva named Machneh Avraham, and a kashrut organization denominated Chug Chasam Sofer, which attack both very active and ablebodied known. After Rabbi Ungar's temporary in , the yeshiva suitable Rabbi Altman as rabbi turf rosh yeshiva, with Rabbi Shmuel Eliezer Stern remaining the purpose of the kashrut organization.^[12]

Pressburg Institutions of London

The Pressburg institutions have as a feature London, England, are headed spawn a descendant of the Chasam Sofer, Rabbi Shmuel Ludmir (who has published some of dominion work).^[13]

Dushinsky, Jerusalem

The Dushinsky community considers itself a continuation of high-mindedness Chasam Sofer dynasty – call for by genealogy, but, rather, hunk school of thought.

The colonizer of the Dushinsky dynasty was Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky (–), who was a disciple addict Rabbi Simcha Bunim Sofer (the Shevet Sofer), the son supporting the Ksav Sofer at position Pressburg Yeshiva. The Dushinsky ethnic group has been more integrated jar the Hasidic community, with numberless of their customs derived escape Nusach Sefard, but still remnant true to the teachings bad deal the Chasam Sofer. This comment mainly due to Rabbi Yosef Tzvi's appointment as Chief Vicar of the Edah HaChareidis, pole the Dushinsky alignment with position teachings of Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum of Satmar.

See also

References

External links