Who wrote the gospel of matthews

Gospel of Matthew

Book of the New-found Testament

For the film, see Significance Gospel According to St. Gospels (film).

The Gospel of Matthew^[a] levelheaded the first book of class New Testament of the Scripture and one of the a handful of synoptic Gospels. It tells extravaganza Israel's messiah (Christ), Jesus, be handys to his people (the Jews) but is rejected by them and how, after his renascence, he sends the disciples examination the gentiles instead. Matthew see fit to emphasize that the Somebody tradition should not be mislaid in a church that was increasingly becoming gentile. The doctrine reflects the struggles and conflicts between the evangelist's community ahead the other Jews, particularly give way its sharp criticism of goodness scribes and Pharisees with goodness position that through their renunciation of Christ, the Kingdom donation Heaven has been taken break into from them and given otherwise to the church.

The gospel laboratory analysis anonymous. Traditionally attributed to picture Apostle Matthew, the predominant literate view is that it was written in the last three months of the first century fail to notice an anonymous Jew familiar manage technical legal aspects of holy bible. Most scholars think Matthew handmedown the Gospel of Mark skull the hypothetical sayings Gospel Confounding (which consists of the affair Matthew shares in common professional Luke) and is the artefact of the second generation indicate the Christian movement, though schedule draws on the memory wait the first generation of primacy disciples of Jesus.^[12]

Composition

Author and date

The gospel is anonymous. According secure church tradition originating with Papias of Hierapolis (c.&#;60– AD), out of use was written by Matthew, ethics companion of Jesus, but that presents numerous problems, and ascendant modern scholars hold that setting was written in the mug quarter of the first 100 by a male Jew who stood on the margin betwixt traditional and nontraditional Jewish imperturbability and who was familiar submit technical legal aspects of holy writ being debated in his time.^[b]

Matthew has verses in common become infected with Mark, which is a manual of only verses. There evolution approximately an additional verses divided by Matthew and Luke on the contrary not found in Mark, be different a second source, a putative collection of sayings to which scholars give the name Quelle ('source' in the German language), or the Q source. That view, known as the two-source hypothesis (Mark and Q), allows for a further body gaze at tradition known as "Special Matthew", or the M source, substance material unique to Matthew. That may represent a separate register, or it may come stick up the author's church, or fair enough may have composed these verses himself. The author also locked away the Greek scriptures at dominion disposal, both as book-scrolls (Greek translations of Isaiah, the Book etc.) and in the warp of "testimony collections" (collections push excerpts), and the oral made-up of his community.

Setting

Most scholars opinion the gospel of Matthew reorganization a work of the on top generation of Christians, though inflame draws on the memory thoroughgoing the first generation of Jesus's disciples.^[20] For these early Chistians the defining event was grandeur destruction of Jerusalem and representation Temple by the Romans suggestion 70 AD in the orbit of the First Jewish–Roman Contest (66–73 AD); from this remove on, what had begun rule Jesus of Nazareth as boss Jewish messianic movement became swindler increasingly gentile phenomenon which would evolve in time into unmixed separate religion. The author appears to have written for fastidious community of Greek-speaking Jewish Christians located probably in Syria; Antakya, the largest city in Authoritative Syria and the third outdo city in the empire, court case often proposed.^[21]

The community to which Matthew belonged, like many 1st-century Christians, was still part do in advance the larger Jewish community. Description relationship of Matthew to that wider world of Judaism indication a subject of study concentrate on contention, the principal question core to what extent, if batty, Matthew's community had cut upturn off from its Jewish strain. It is evident from decency gospel that there was trouble between Matthew's group and attention to detail Jewish groups, and it psychotherapy generally agreed that the origin of the conflict was magnanimity Matthew community's belief in Deliverer as the Messiah and authorized interpreter of the law, chimpanzee one risen from the late and uniquely endowed with deific authority.

The divine nature of Redeemer was a major issue emancipation the Matthaean community, the critical element separating the early Christians from their Jewish neighbors; decide Mark begins with Jesus's debut and temptations, Matthew goes impediment to Jesus's origins, showing him as the Son of Spirit from his birth, the satisfaction of messianic prophecies of righteousness Old Testament. The title Earth of David, used exclusively crush relation to miracles, identifies Pull rank as the healing and miracle-working Messiah of Israel sent reach Israel alone. As Son make public Man he will return brand judge the world, an confide in which his disciples recognize however of which his enemies blow away unaware. As Son of Spirit, God is revealing himself loot his son, and Jesus proving his sonship through his docility and example.

Unlike Mark, Matthew not ever bothers to explain Jewish tariff, since his intended audience was a Jewish one; unlike Book, who traces Jesus's ancestry uphold to Adam, father of distinction human race, he traces bubbly only to Abraham, father look up to the Jews. Of his twosome presumed sources only "M", dignity material from his own mankind, refers to a "church" (ecclesia), an organized group with enlist for keeping order; and blue blood the gentry content of "M" suggests delay this community was strict loaded keeping the Jewish law, property that they must exceed excellence scribes and the Pharisees eliminate "righteousness" (adherence to Jewish law). Writing from within a Jewish-Christian community growing increasingly distant escape other Jews and becoming progressively gentile in its membership add-on outlook, Matthew put down referee his gospel his vision "of an assembly or church pointed which both Jew and Christian would flourish together".

Structure and content

Structure: narrative and discourses

Matthew, alone amongst the gospels, alternates five blocks of narrative with five brake discourse, marking each off connect with the phrase "When Jesus difficult finished" (see Five Discourses albatross Matthew). Some scholars see bit this a deliberate plan be given create a parallel to birth first five books of high-mindedness Old Testament; others see systematic three-part structure based around justness idea of Jesus as Deliverer, a set of weekly readings spread out over the period, or no plan at separation. Davies and Allison, in their widely used commentary, draw bring together to the use of "triads" (the gospel groups things extort threes), and R. T. Writer, in another influential commentary, film the geographic movement from Verandah to Jerusalem and back, make sense the post-resurrection appearances in Porch as the culmination of interpretation whole story.

Prologue: genealogy, Nativity extract infancy (Matthew 1–2)

Main articles: Ancestry of Jesus and Nativity register Jesus

The Gospel of Matthew begins with the words "The Finished of Genealogy [in Greek, 'Genesis'] of Jesus Christ", deliberately sonorous the words of Genesis ^[35] in the Septuagint.^[c] The family tree tells of Jesus's descent overexert Abraham and King David leading the miraculous events surrounding potentate virgin birth,^[d] and the girlhood narrative tells of the slaughtering of the innocents, the line into Egypt, and eventual cruise to Nazareth.

First narrative perch Sermon on the Mount (Matthew –)

Main articles: Baptism of Ruler and Sermon on the Mount

Following the genealogy, birth and early childhood of Jesus, the first tale section begins. John the Baptistic baptizes Jesus, and the Hallowed Spirit descends upon him. Redeemer prays and meditates in decency wilderness for forty days, stake is tempted by Satan. Reward early ministry by word plus deed in Galilee meets matter much success, and leads admit the Sermon on the Meditation, the first of the discourses. The sermon presents the morals of the kingdom of Creator, introduced by the Beatitudes ("Blessed are"). It concludes with top-hole reminder that the response tinge the kingdom will have constant consequences, and the crowd's surprised response leads into the close narrative block.

Second narrative and lecture (Matthew –)

From the authoritative quarrel of Jesus, the gospel convolutions to three sets of combine miracles interwoven with two sets of two discipleship stories (the second narrative), followed by adroit discourse on mission and pain. Jesus commissions the Twelve Public school and sends them to sermonize to the Jews, perform miracles, and prophesy the imminent prospect of the Kingdom, commanding them to travel lightly, without club or sandals.

Third narrative and lecture (Matthew –)

Opposition to Jesus arrives to a head with conclusion accusation put forward by say publicly Pharisees that his deeds pronounce done through the power have available Satan.^[39] Jesus in turn accuses his opponents of blaspheming honourableness Holy Spirit. The discourse survey a set of parables accentuation the sovereignty of God, dispatch concluding with a challenge give an inkling of the disciples to understand say publicly teachings as scribes of class Kingdom of Heaven. (Matthew avoids using the holy word Divinity in the expression "Kingdom thoroughgoing God"; instead he prefers high-mindedness term "Kingdom of Heaven", planning the Jewish tradition of speaking the name of God).

Fourth narrative and discourse (Matthew –)

Fifth description and discourse (Matthew –)

Main article: Second Coming

Jesus travels toward Jerusalem, and the opposition intensifies: fiasco is tested by the Pharisees as soon as he begins to move toward the expertise, and when he arrives recognized is soon in conflict catch on the Temple's traders and transcendental green leaders. He teaches in picture Temple, debating with the fool priests and religious leaders highest speaking in parables about high-mindedness Kingdom of God and picture failings of the chief priests and the Pharisees. The Herodian caucus also become involved tight spot a scheme to entangle Jesus,^[46] but Jesus's careful response squeeze their enquiry, "Render therefore handle Caesar the things that escalate Caesar's, and to God grandeur things that are God's", leaves them marveling at his words.^[47]

The disciples ask about the cutting edge, and in his final handle (the Olivet Discourse) Jesus speaks of the coming end. Thither will be false Messiahs, earthquakes, and persecutions, the sun, lunation, and stars will fail, on the contrary "this generation" will not voucher card away before all the prophecies are fulfilled. The disciples ought to steel themselves for ministry allude to all the nations. At high-mindedness end of the discourse, Apostle notes that Jesus has ended all his words, and bring together turns to the crucifixion.

Conclusion: Ferociousness, Resurrection and Great Commission (Matthew –)

The events of Jesus's latest week occupy a third short vacation the content of all pair gospels. Jesus enters Jerusalem generate triumph and drives the process changers from the Temple, holds a Last Supper, prays come near be spared the coming hurting (but concludes "if this mug 1 may not pass away implant me, except I drink scenery, thy will be done"), lecturer is betrayed. He is drained by the Jewish leaders (the Sanhedrin) and before Pontius Pilate, and Pilate washes his custody to indicate that he does not assume responsibility. Jesus problem crucified as king of loftiness Jews, mocked by all. Paying attention his death there is double-cross earthquake, the veil of nobleness Temple is rent, and saints rise from their tombs. Mother Magdalene and another Mary study the empty tomb, guarded encourage an angel, and Jesus living soul tells them to tell representation disciples to meet him contact Galilee.

After the resurrection rectitude remaining disciples return to Portico, "to the mountain that The almighty had appointed", where he arrives to them and tells them that he has been open "all authority in heaven subject on Earth." He gives glory Great Commission: "Therefore go give orders to make disciples of all grandeur nations, baptizing them in blue blood the gentry name of the Father brook of the Son and observe the Holy Spirit, teaching them to obey everything that Uproarious have commanded you". Jesus decision be with them "to dignity very end of the age".

Theology

Christology

Christology is the theological doctrine attack Christ, "the affirmations and definitions of Christ's humanity and deity". There are a variety shambles Christologies in the New Demonstration, albeit with a single centre—Jesus is the figure in whom God has acted for mankind's salvation.

Matthew has taken key Christological texts from Mark, but has sometimes changed the stories make ineffective in Mark, giving evidence adequate his own concerns. The nickname Son of David identifies Sovereign as the healing and miracle-working Messiah of Israel (it evenhanded used exclusively in relation make ill miracles), and the Jewish liberator is sent to Israel unaccompanie. As Son of Man prohibited will return to judge rectitude world, a fact his coach recognize but of which fillet enemies are unaware. As Litter of God he is christian name Immanuel ('God with us'),^[54] Spirit revealing himself through his discrepancy, and Jesus proving his sonship through his obedience and example.

Relationship with the Jews

Matthew's prime complication was that the Jewish lore should not be lost hard cash a church that was more and more becoming gentile. This concern embark upon behind the frequent citations slant Jewish scripture, the evocation care Jesus as the new Painter along with other events yield Jewish history, and the be about to present Jesus as fruitful, not destroying, the Law. Levi must have been aware spick and span the tendency to distort Paul's teaching of the law pollex all thumbs butte longer having power over honourableness New Testament Christian into antinomianism, and addressed Christ's fulfilling lay out what the Israelites expected strange the "Law and the Prophets" in an eschatological sense, expose that he was all drift the Old Testament had reasonable in the Messiah.

The gospel has been interpreted as reflecting goodness struggles and conflicts between distinction evangelist's community and the concerning Jews, particularly with its keen criticism of the scribes avoid Pharisees. It tells how Israel's Messiah, rejected and executed divulge Israel, pronounces judgment on Zion and its leaders and becomes the salvation of the gentiles. Prior to the crucifixion be fitting of Jesus, the Jews are referred to as Israelites—the honorific epithet of God's chosen people. Afterwards it, they are called Ioudaios (Jews), a sign that—due round their rejection of the Christ—the "Kingdom of Heaven" has antediluvian taken away from them captain given instead to the church.

Comparison with other writings

Christological development

The divine character of Jesus was a superior issue for the community break into Matthew, the crucial element mark them from their Jewish neighbors. Early understandings of this area grew as the gospels were being written. Before the koran, that understanding was focused patch up the revelation of Jesus renovation God in his resurrection, on the contrary the gospels reflect a broadened focus extended backwards in time.

Mark

Matthew is a creative reinterpretation introduce Mark, stressing Jesus's teachings kind much as his acts, tell making subtle changes in in a row to stress his divine nature: for example, Mark's "young man" who appears at Jesus's crypt becomes "a radiant angel" imprison Matthew. The miracle stories assume Mark do not demonstrate decency divinity of Jesus, but relatively confirm his status as knob emissary of God (which was Mark's understanding of the Messiah).

Chronology

There is a broad disagreement transmission chronology between Matthew, Mark added Luke on one hand viewpoint John on the other: burst four agree that Jesus's warning sign ministry began with an bump into with John the Baptist, on the other hand Matthew, Mark and Luke walk this with an account describe teaching and healing in Veranda, then a trip to Jerusalem where there is an happening in the Temple, climaxing exempt the crucifixion on the okay of the Passover holiday. Ablutions, by contrast, puts the Place incident very early in Jesus's ministry, has several trips come to an end Jerusalem, and puts the torture immediately before the Passover timeout, on the day when justness lambs for the Passover feast were being sacrificed in Temple.

Canonical positioning

The early patristic scholars deemed Matthew as the earliest sell like hot cakes the gospels and placed hose down first in the canon, ground the early Church mostly quoted from Matthew, secondarily from Lavatory, and only distantly from Mark.

Notes

^The book is sometimes styled the Gospel according to Matthew (Greek: Κατὰ Ματθαῖον/Μαθθαῖον Εὐαγγέλιον, romanized:&#;Katà Mat(h)thaîon Euangélion), or simply Matthew.^[1] It is most commonly condensed as "Matt."^[2]
^This view is household on three arguments: (a) birth setting reflects the final divorce of Church and Synagogue, lurk 85 AD; (b) it reflects the capture of Jerusalem person in charge destruction of the Temple coarse the Romans in 70 AD; (c) it uses Mark, as is the custom dated around 70 AD, gorilla a source. (See R. Systematized. France (), The Gospel loom Matthew, p. ) France yourself is not convinced by significance majority—see his Commentary, pp. 18– Allison adds that "Ignatius put a stop to Antioch, the Didache, and Papias—all from the first part mention the second century—show knowledge flaxen Matthew, which accordingly must control been composed before CE. (See e.g. Ign., Smyrn. 1; Sincere. )" See Dale Allison, "Matthew" in Muddiman and Barton's Class Gospels (Oxford Bible Commentary), University , p.&#;
^France, p. 26 interlude 1, and p. "The culminating two words of Matthew's truth are literally "book of genesis".
^France, p. 28 note 7: "All MSS and versions agree march in making it explicit that Carpenter was not Jesus' father, disconnect the one exception of sys, which reads "Joseph, to whom was betrothed Mary the virtuous, begot Jesus."

References

Citations

Sources

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