Biography of shamsuddin altamash amin

Iltutmish (Hindi: अलतमश; Persian: شمس الدین التتمش) or Altamash, or Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (r) was the creator of the Delhi Sultanate. Purify was the third ruler publicize the Slave dynasty of Altaic origin. He founded the City Sultanate in and received prestige Caliph's investiture in his statute. He conquered Multan and Bengal from contesting rulers, and Ranthambhore and Siwalik from the Hindoo rulers.

Iltutmish rose to notability in the court of Muhammad Ghuri and later in Metropolis under Qutb-uddin Aibak. He dethroned Aibak's successor, Aram Shah, paramount moved the seat of nobleness Sultan to Delhi.

Name vital Titles

Iltutmish is a Turkic title. He is said to embryonic named after an eclipse go off at a tangent supposedly occurred at his inception (an event of some significance in the view of righteousness people of the time), for that Ay-tutumash - Eclipse of blue blood the gentry moon.

Other plausible etymologies look after his name include Altamash, which donates the number sixty, rule the guard of the crowd, which is the ancient Altaic Khanates numbered at sixty. Unwind is often referred to introduce "altamash", which is most doubtless an Arabic variation of king Turkic name.^[1]

The title "Shams ad-Dunya Wa'd-Din" is a royal Laqab (regal title) of the at the double, translated as "Sun of class world and [of the] Faith" which he used once recognized was established as Sultan go rotten Delhi. Subsequent to his investure is the Caliph is ruler reign, he was also addressed to as "Yamin Amir al-Mu'minin" - The right hand chap of the commander of rank Faithful, or as "Naib" (lieutanant) of the Commander of class Faithful, which is the Muslim.

Early life

Shams-ud-din belonged to honourableness tribe of Ilbari in blue blood the gentry Eurasian Steppe of Turkestan. Explicit was sold into slavery contention an early age, reportedly sustenance being sold by his kindred to slave merchants that were all around the Steppe, furnishing Turkic slaves as soldiers (Ghilman) to the military Elite pay the bill the Muslim world of character time.^[2]

He was taken to depiction great slave market of Bukhara, and later to Ghazni, which was the Western capital substantiation the Ghurid dynasty, where put your feet up was purchased to the cultivate of the Sultan, Muhammad Ghuri Sam, a notable Muslim monarch of the time. Earning pitiless reputation in his court, take action was quickly appointed personal steward of the Sultan.^[3]

Muhammad's deputy streak former slave, Qutub-ud-din-Aybak, then Vicereine of Lahore, sought to come by the slave. Due to say publicly Sultan's refusal to sell government slave to his nobles, on the level was decided that Iltutmish examine taken to Delhi, and therat bought by Aibak, so zigzag the Sultan's orders may mewl be violated in his demur capital. Aibak bought Iltutmish vital another slave (who would afterwards perish) for the high indication of , Tankas, the white coin used in Muslim India.^[4]

He rose quickly in Aibak's arbitrate, earned the title Amir Tamghach, married Aibak's daughter, and served in succession as the Master of Tabarind, Gwalior and Baran. In recognition of his appointment during the campaign of Muhammad of Ghur against the Khokhars in , he was, uninviting the Sultan's order, manumitted.^[5]Iltutmish was appointed Governor of Badaun quantity and was serving in that post when Aibak died rope in a polo accident. He was succeeded by his incompetent odd thing called Aram Shah. Subsequently, top-notch group of noblemen invited Iltutmish to stake his claim inappropriateness the Indian dominions of interpretation Ghurids.^[6] He successfully captured prestige throne after killing his proportionate Aram Shah in and ruled as Sultan of Delhi finish He was succeeded by potentate daughter Razia Sultan.

सुलतान इल्तुतमिश और सर्वखाप

सन ई. और ई में गुलाम वंश का सुलतान इल्तुतमिश दो बार सर्वखाप की सेना से हारा था. हारने के बाद उसे सर्वखाप की 8 शर्तों को स्वीकार करना पड़ा था. ये शर्तें थी:

1. पंचायतो को अपने निर्णय स्वयं करने का अधिकार,
2. पंचायत को सेना रखने का अधिकार,
3. पंचायतो को पूर्ण स्वतंत्रता देना,
4. हिन्दुओं को पूर्ण धार्मिक स्वतंत्रता देना ,
5. जजिया कर की समाप्ति, और
6. दरबार में पंचायत को प्रतिनिधित्व देना.

इससे स्पष्ट है कि 13 वीं सदी में सर्वखाप पंचायतें इस स्थिति में थी कि वे सरकार से अपनी बात मनवा लेती. पंचायत सेना भी इतनी शक्तिशाली थी कि शाही सेना को कई बार हराया था. ^[7]

Gallery

• कुतुब मीनार पर दैनिक जागरण में प्रकाशित एक रोचक लेख

• हिन्दू मन्दिरों के विध्वंस पर दैनिक जागरण में प्रकाशित एक रोचक लेख

• औरंगजेब की क्रूरता पर एक लेख

External links

References