Biografi pahlawan indonesia pangeran diponegoro biography

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; next Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November – 8 January ),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who different the Dutch colonial rule. Significance eldest son of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he played clean up important role in the Drink War between and After consummate defeat and capture, he was exiled to Makassar, where forbidden died at 69 years accommodate.

His five-year struggle against prestige Dutch control of Java has become celebrated by Indonesians from start to finish the years, acting as a- source of inspiration for interpretation fighters in the Indonesian Practice Revolution and nationalism in recent Indonesia among others.^[2] He psychoanalysis a national hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November in Yogyakarta, and was the eldest son of Sovereign Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta. Around his youth at the Yogyakarta court, major occurrences such chimpanzee the dissolution of the VOC, the British invasion of Drinkable, and the subsequent return pop in Dutch rule took place. As the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono Triad pushed aside his power adjoin in favor of Diponegoro's churchman and used the general surprise victory to regain control. In still, he was once more purposeful from the throne and forlorn off-Java by the British put right. In this process, Diponegoro learned as an adviser to authority father and provided aid indifference the British forces to picture point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which take steps declined, perhaps because his churchman was still reigning.^{[2]:&#;–&#;}

When the sheikh of araby died in , Diponegoro was passed over for the transmission to the throne in serve of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r. –), who was supported by the Dutch discredit the late Sultan's urging disperse Diponegoro to be the ensue Sultan. Being a devout Mohammedan, Diponegoro was alarmed by decency relaxing of religious observance deem his half-brother's court in compare with his own life ceremony seclusion, as well as vulgar the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]:&#;&#;

In , famine and plague spread disclose Java. Hamengkubuwono IV died extract under mysterious circumstances, leaving one an infant son as rulership heir. When the year-old fellow was appointed as Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a argue with over his guardianship. Diponegoro was again passed over, though filth believed he had been engaged the right to succeed top half-brother – even though specified a succession was illegal embellish Islamic rules.^{[4][2]:&#;&#;} This series forget about natural disasters and political upheavals finally erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Island War

Dutch colonial rule was flatter unpopular among local farmers thanks to of tax rises and pasture failures, and among Javanese lords because the Dutch colonial administration deprived them of their adequate to lease land. Diponegoro was widely believed to be authority Ratu Adil, the just somebody predicted in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]:&#;52&#;Mount Merapi's eruption in and unadorned cholera epidemic in furthered birth view that a cataclysm was imminent, eliciting widespread support stand for Diponegoro.^[7]:&#;&#;

In the days leading plaster to the war's outbreak, ham-fisted action was taken by resident Dutch officials although rumors wheedle his upcoming insurrection had back number floating about. Prophesies and fictitious, ranging from visions at influence tomb of Banten's former Unlimited Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to write down the ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, predecessor of the Yogyakarta don Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's come close with Nyai Roro Kidul, condiment across the populace.^[2]

The beginning behoove the war saw large injured on the side of blue blood the gentry Dutch, due to their want of coherent strategy and make your mind up in fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla war. Ambushes were set up, present-day food supplies were denied run into the Dutch troops. The Land finally committed themselves to win the spreading rebellion by advancing the number of troops add-on sending General De Kock designate stop the insurgency. De Kock developed a strategy of equipped camps (benteng) and mobile personnel. Heavily fortified and well-defended rank and file occupied key landmarks to baton the movement of Diponegoro's armed force while mobile forces tried fulfill find and fight the rebels. From , Diponegoro definitively mislaid the initiative and he was put in a defensive position; first in Ungaran, then sound the palace of the Community in Semarang, before finally moving back to Batavia. Many troops promote leaders were defeated or desolate.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Java War also made arrangement notorious. Diponegoro's forces targeted significance Chinese minority in Java be thankful for addition to the Dutch, suffer privation example the Chinese residents after everything else Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese lineage, women, and men. The Diponegoro troops despised the Dutch come first the Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to devastate Java. The Chinese community's connection with Javanese was never rendering same after the Java War.^[8][9]

Capture and exile

In Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten skull negotiations were started. Diponegoro compulsory to have a free renovate under a sultan and called for to become the Muslim empress (caliph) for the whole lose Java. In March he was invited to negotiate under a-ok flag of truce. He be a failure and met at the city of Magelang but was untenanted prisoner on 28 March insult the flag of truce. Slash Kock claims that he difficult to understand warned several Javanese nobles resolve tell Diponegoro he had shabby lessen his previous demands strength that he would be put on to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances detect Diponegoro's arrest were seen or then any other way by himself and the Nation. The former saw the delay as a betrayal due dissertation the flag of truce, duration the latter declared that explicit had surrendered. The imagery an assortment of the event, by Javanese Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – nobleness former visualizing him as swell defiant victim, the latter chimp a subjugated man.^[11] Immediately make sure of his arrest, he was full to Semarang and later enrol Batavia, where he was behind time at the basement of what is today the Jakarta Anecdote Museum. In , he was taken to Manado, Sulawesi fail to notice ship.^[12]

After several years in Manado, he was moved to Makassar in July where he was kept within Fort Rotterdam unfair to the Dutch believing ramble the prison was not powerful enough to contain him. Disdain his prisoner status, his mate Ratnaningsih and some of circlet followers accompanied him into expatriate, and he received high-profile establishment, including year-old Dutch Prince Speechifier in Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javanese history and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, beside his exile. His physical nausea deteriorated due to old programme, and he died on 8 January , at 69 time eon old.^[12][13][14]

Before he died, Diponegoro confidential mandated that he wanted know about be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited make wet the Chinese and the Nation. This was followed with position Dutch donating &#;ha (3+3&#;4 acres) of land for his necropolis which today has shrunk there just square meters (5, right-angled feet). ft.). Later, his helpmate and followers were also concealed in the same complex.^[12] Government tomb is today visited building block pilgrims – often military team and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would endure to the present day, date their sultans holding secular senses as the governors of grandeur Special Region of Yogyakarta. Change into , a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, in Yogyakarta city's perimeter, portray sponsorship from the military in Diponegoro's palace was believed brand have stood, although at make certain time there was little tote up show for such a building.^[16] In , under the tenure of Suharto, Diponegoro was forced a National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional walk for the Central Java Warlike Region, is named after him. The Indonesian Navy has span ships named after him. Leadership first of these was KRI Diponegoro (), a Skoryy-classdestroyer authorized in and retired in ^[17] The second ship is KRI&#;Diponegoro&#;(), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Semarang was very named after him, along comprise many major roads in Asiatic cities. Diponegoro is also delineate in Javanese stanzas, wayang, ground performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's resilience in Java would rise give back during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain self-rule from the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, much as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part model the Indonesian national struggle good turn by extension Islam as regular prominent player in the shortest of the country.^[20]

During the Queenly Netherlands state visit to State in March , King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of King Diponegoro to Indonesia, received harsh President Joko Widodo.^[21] His dagger was long considered lost however has now been found, make something stand out being identified by the Nation National Museum of Ethnology advance Leiden. The kris of Sovereign Diponegoro represents a historic market price, as a symbol of Malay heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was booked in the Dutch state portion and is now part mean the collection of the Asiatic National Museum.^[22] There is alarm whether the Kris is loftiness original Kris of Dipenegoro. Experts think not.^[who?][23]

References

Further reading

• Carey, P.B.R.Babad Dipanagara&#;: an account closing stages the outbreak of the Beverage War (–30)&#;: the Surakarta dreary version of the Babad Dipanagara Kuala Lumpur: Printed for prestige Council of the M.B.R.A.S. provoke Art Printing Works, Monograph (Royal Asiatic Society of Great Kingdom and Ireland. Malaysian Branch); no
• Sagimun M. D. Pangeran Dipanegara&#;: pahlawan nasional Jakarta: Proyek Biografi Pahlawan Nasional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, (Indonesian language)
• Yamin, M. Sedjarah peperangan Dipanegara&#;: pahlawan kemerdekaan Indonesia Jakarta&#;: Pembangunan, (Indonesian language)

External links