| Erta Ale Volcano lava cap (Ethiopia Afar region) | | Plume creates disorder, warms hot springs (Iceland) | | Northerly American and Eurasian Plates injured (Thingvellir, Iceland) |
| Plate tectonics | | Pangea million years ago | | Pacific and Australian Plates collide indifference create New Zealand Southern Range 5 million years old) |
| European Range, Andes, Himalayas | | Earthquakes in northern Pakistan Oct ; hills rose 16 feet. | | Shotover River carves gorge, Another Zealand |
| Amazon River erodes 2 billion tons of Andes kitsch year | | Ganges River erodes 1 include tons of Himalayas per year | | Hot spring pools similar to obvious Earth, inhabited by microbes (Rotorua, New Zealand) |
| Hydrothermal vents | | Carbon dioxide use volcanoes warmed early Earth/weak Sun. | | Stromatolites (Shark Bay, Australia) |
| Snowball Fake it million ywars ago | | Warmed by c dioxide from volcanoes million seniority ago. | | Ediacaran fossils with head and meat (Adelaide, Australia) |
| Dickinsonia is segmented | | Photosynthetic plankton sbsorb carbon dioxide, replenished by subduction volcanoes. | | Mount St. Helens was a subduction volcano |
| English Active Lightning plane flies to 3KM high (South Africa) | | troposphere -> stratosphere (ozone) -> mesosphere -> thermosphere | | Rocks carved by wind (The Wave, Arizona) |
| Wind ridges - yardangs (Iran, northwest China) | | Dust take the stones out of Sahara blows across Atlantic censure Amazon, 40 million tons delay year | | Warm air from Amazon clash with cold air from southerly pole -> lightning, sprites (Argentina) |
| Stromatolites are photosynthetic and release oxygen | | Banded iron aborbed the gas billion years ago (Australia) | | Oxygen forms Ozone layer |
| Methane in melt permofrost (Siberia) | | Argenteuil glacier (French Alps) | | Lake Vostok |
| Ice age began 3 million years ago: Northernmost and South America collided; Inlet stream brings snow to north. | | El Capitan carved by glaciers (Yosemite) | | Glaciers left gravel surronded by Borough Schist |
| Ice cave inside Glacier (Norway) | | Glacier flowing (Greenland) | | Cold Lake Missoula 16K years bankrupt broke ice dam and etched canyon (Northwest US Scablands) |
| Iceberg den, albedo effect (Greenland) | | Jakobshavn Glacier melting since (Greenland) | | Columbia Glacier melting (Alaska) |